MenuISSN (0970-2083)
ISSN (0970-2083)
Pang Xia*
Department of Biotechnology, University of Essex, Essex, Yemen
Received: 27-Jun-2022, Manuscript No. ICP-22-59835; Editor assigned: 01-Jul-2022, PreQC No. ICP-22- 59835 (PQ); Reviewed: 15-Jul-2022, QC No. ICP-22-59835; Revised: 20-Jul-2022, Manuscript No. ICP-22- 59835 (A); Published: 29-Jul-2022, DOI: 10.4172/ 0970-2083.e001
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Climate change includes both global warming and its influence on Earth's weather patterns. Climate change has occurred in the past, but the current changes are far rapid and are not produced by natural processes. Instead, greenhouse gas emissions, namely carbon dioxide and methane, are to blame. The combustion of fossil fuels for energy is responsible for the majority of these emissions. Additional sources include agriculture, steelmaking, cement manufacturing, and forest loss. Because greenhouse gases are transparent to sunlight, they allow it to reach the Earth's surface and heat it. The gases absorb the heat produced by the Earth as infrared radiation and maintain it near to the surface. Factors such as the loss of sunlight-reflecting snow cover increase global warming as the earth heats.
Ground temperatures have increased twice as quickly as the global average. Heat waves and wildfires are getting more prevalent, and deserts are growing. Melting permafrost, glacier retreat, and sea ice loss have all been attributed to increased heat in the Arctic. Intense storms and other weather extremes are becoming more often as temperatures rise. Many species are being forced to move or go extinct as a result of rapid environmental change in mountains, coral reefs, and the Arctic. Food and water shortages, higher flooding, excessive heat, more disease, and economic loss are among threats posed by climate change. As a result, human migration and conflict may occur. Climate change, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is the greatest danger to world health in the twenty-first century. Even though efforts to reduce future warming succeed, some consequences could last for generations. Sea level rise and warmer, more acidic waters are two examples, Shakir, et al. [1-3].
Many of these effects are already being noticed at the present temperature of 1.2°C (2.2°F). Increased warming will amplify these effects and might lead to tipping points, such as the melting of the Greenland ice sheet, Huang, et al. [4]. Nations pledged to limit global warming "far below 2°C" under the 2015 Paris Agreement. Despite the Agreement's promises, global warming would still be around 2.7°C (4.9°F) by the end of the century. To keep global warming to 1.5°C, emissions must be cut in half by 2030 and lesser by 2050, Lee, et al. [5].
Switching away from fossil fuels and toward power generated from low-carbon sources will be required to achieve significant reductions in emissions. This includes phase-outs of coal-fired power plants, greatly increased usage of wind, solar, and other sources of renewable energy, conversion to electric cars, conversion to heat pumps in buildings, and energy conservation measures. Carbon may also be taken from the atmosphere by increasing forest cover, for example. While communities may adapt to climate change by improving coastal protection, they can't avoid the potential of severe, widespread, and long-term consequences.
Temperature rises from a regional perspective
Different areas of the world warm at various rates. Because greenhouse gases survive long enough to disperse throughout the globe, the pattern is independent of where they are emitted. The average surface temperature over land regions has grown about twice as rapidly as the global-average surface temperature during the pre-industrial period. This is simply due to the fact that oceans have a larger heat capacity and lose more heat through evaporation. The thermal energy in the global climate system has increased consistently since 1970, only with minor interruptions, with the ocean absorbing over 90% of this additional energy. The remainder has warmed the oceans, melted ice, and warmed the atmosphere, Das, et al. [6]. The North Pole and the Northern Hemisphere both heated faster than the South Pole and the Southern Hemisphere. The Northern Hemisphere not only has greater land, but also has more seasonal snow cover and sea ice. These surfaces absorb more heat when they go from reflecting a lot of light to becoming dark after the ice has melted. Arctic warming is also aided by localized black carbon deposits on snow and ice. Temperatures in the Arctic are rising at a rate that is more than double that of the rest of the planet. The melting of Arctic glaciers and ice sheets alters ocean circulation, including a reduced Gulf Stream, causing more climate change, Fan, et al. [7]. The climate system moves through its own cycles that might last for years, decades, or even centuries (such as the El Nino–Southern Oscillation). Other changes are triggered by an energy imbalance that is "external" to the climate system, although not always to the Earth. Changes in greenhouse gas concentrations, solar brightness, volcanic eruptions, and fluctuations in the Earth's orbit around the Sun are all examples of external forcing.
Internal climatic variability and natural external forcing's must be ruled out before the human contribution to climate change can be determined Mai, et al. [8,9]. One important strategy is to identify unique "fingerprints" for all putative causes and then compare these fingerprints to observable climate change trends. Solar forcing, for example, can be ruled out as a key factor. Its imprint would cause the entire environment to warm. Yet, as a result of greenhouse gas forcing, only the lower atmosphere has warmed. The major driver of modern climate change has been identified as increased greenhouse gases, with aerosols acting as a dampener, Nasuha, et al. [10-12].
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