MenuISSN (0970-2083)
ISSN (0970-2083)
M. Rajeswari1, K. Kalaicheivi1, S. Manian2* and Indramuthu Jayashree1
1Department of Botany, Vellalar College for Women, Erode - 9, India
2Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Industrial effluent, Agricultural land, Soil characteristics, Parametres.
Disposal of industrial effluents in agricultural land Is becoming a wide spread practice (Rajannan and Obiisami, 1979, Juwarkar and Subrahmanyam, 1987) These effluents not only contain nutrients that enhance the growth of crop plants but also have toxic material. Therefore, it is essential that the implications of the industrial effluents on the crop yield and soil characteristics are thoroughly investigated before they are recommended for use in irrigation.
The effluent samples were collected from a medium size dye house effluent The physico-chemical properties of the effluent were estimated by ISI (1974, 1977) taierance limit. Healthy seeds of Vigna radiata (L) R. Witczek were used for test plant on petridishes and earthern pots. The Earthern pots filled with field soil were drenched with different concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100 and treated) of effluent. Healthy seeds were sown and watered at fortnightly interval. The results were observed at four age levels (20, 40, 60 and 80 - old - days). For chemical analysis of soil samples were analysed on the day 0 and on 80th day after harvest. The biochemical constituents such as chlorophyll (Arnon, 1949), Protein (Lowry et al, 1951), and carbohydrates (Clegg, 1956) were studied.
Analysis of the different parameters of the raw and treated effluents of the dye house (Table 1) revealed that all the components of the later are with the permissible limits, the only exception being the BOD (Indian Standard institute, 1974, 1977) indicating the efficacy of the effluent treatment process. The test plant Vigna radiata used in the present investigation showed 100% seed germination in control water. The undiluted effluent is adversely affected the germination and vigour of the green gram . Simiiar observations were made by number of earlier workers (Kumawat et al. 2001, Sundaramoorthy et al, 2001; Mariappan and Rajan, 2002; Ramana, et al, 2002) The highest growth (root length, shoot length) was observed in plants registered with 25% effluent concentration at all growth stages studied under potted conditions (Table 2) it was comparable with the growth of plants irrigated with treated effluent treatment The maximum growth of plants treated with very dilute effluent may be attributed to reduction of concentration of constituents to beneficial level (Sahai et al, 1983). The undiluted effluent however, resulted in the retardation of growth. The reduction might be attributed to excess amount of solid materials and soluble salts in undiluted effluent (Rajaram et at, 1988). Treatment of plants with lower concentration (25%) and treated effluent on biochemical constituents such as Chlorophyll, Protein and Carbohydrate showed pronounced increase. Among the different age levels of Vigna radiata studied the forty dayjoid plants supported the maximum accumulation of bio- chemical contents. The higher concentrations decreased the contents gradually (Table 3). The similar line of research using dye factory effluent was studied by Jain and Khan (1996).
Table 1: Characteristics of the dye house effluent
Table 2: Effect of various concentrations of dyehouse effluent on the (A) shoot (cm) and (B) root length (cm) of green gram at different growth stagesunder pot condition
Table 3: Effect of various concentrations of dyehouse effluent on the (A) chlorophyll content (gg-1) (B) protein content (mg.g-1 leaf dry weight) (C) Soluble carbohydrate (mg.g-1 leaf dry weight of green gram leaf at differnt growth
The impact of effluent dilutions on the yield of Vigna radiata was evaluated in terms of the number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per plant, grain yield per plant and 1000 seeds weight The 25, 50 percent and treated effluent concentrate^gave significantly higher yield. The undiluted and 75% concentration,adversely affected the yield (Table 4). This is in agreement with Jabeen and Saxena (1990).
Table 4: Impact of the effluent dilution on the yield of Vigna Radiata under pot condition
Significant changes in chemical characteristics of soil (Table 5 & 6) such as pH, EC, chlorides, nitrates, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic carbon of the treated soil registered increases over thaier control. Similar observations showing increases in the above said charactristics of the soil due to continuoues irrigation with the paper mill effluent (Kannan & Oblisami, 1990). The fact indicates that the available concentration of nutrients rather than total nutrient status of the soil determines the growth (Iqbal & Qadir, 1973).
Table 5: Impact of the effluent dilution on the chemical characteristics* of soil samples from pot culture prior to seed sowing
Table 6: Effect of soil physico-chemical parameters post harvest soil samples
The study concludes that the dye house effluent contains an excess of various nutrients which are injurious to plant growth. Further experiments may be conducted to assess the significance of the nutrients. The concentration of the constituents should be diluted to 25% which can be used for irrigation purposes as substitute for chemical fertilziers.
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